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Architecture
Here, we have an architectural diagram on how this all fits together:
High-level architecture of Docker
In the lower part of the preceding diagram, we have the Linux operating system with its cgroups, Namespaces, and Layer Capabilities as well as Other OS Functionality that we do not need to explicitly mention here. Then, there is an intermediary layer composed of containerd and runc. On top of all that now sits the Docker engine. The Docker engine offers a RESTful interface to the outside world that can be accessed by any tool, such as the Docker CLI, Docker for macOS, and Docker for Windows or Kubernetes to name just a few.
Let's now describe the main building blocks in a bit more detail.